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  • Reviews
    Low-Carbon Transition of China's Energy Sector and Suggestions with the ‘Carbon-Peak and Carbon-Neutrality’ Target
    LI Zheng, ZHANG Dongjie, PAN Lingying, LI Tianxiao, GAO Junwei
    2021, 41(11): 905-909. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2021.11.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Collaborate on climate change mitigation has become a widely-accepted consensus for the international community. As an important participant and active player of the global response to climate change, China has put ‘carbon-peak and carbon-neutrality’ into the overall layout of ecological conservation. The initiative of ‘carbon-peak and carbon neutrality’ is an extensive and profound reform for the entire economy and society, in which the low-carbon oriented transition of energy will be the key to achieve the target. Under the current level of economic and social development, the overall development plan of ‘two-step acceleration’ should be adopted. In the near term, non-fossil energy should be accelerated to achieve the carbon-peak target by 2030. 2℃ temperature-rise target and 1.5℃ temperature-rise target should be implemented in the medium and long term to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. In order to ensure the realization of the ‘carbon-peak and carbon-neutrality’ target, it is necessary to strengthen the research on key technologies or planning issues, including the power system with deep renewables penetration, low-carbon transition pathway of coal-fired power, and CCUS, etc.
  • Reviews
    Research Progress on Corrosion of High-temperature Materials in Supercritical CO2 Power Cycle
    LIANG Zhiyuan, GUI Yong, ZHAO Qinxin
    2021, 41(11): 910-917. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2021.11.002
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    Supercritical CO2 power cycle has the advantages of high efficiency, compact structure and low noise, which can be applied to the fields of ship power, nuclear power, and solar thermal power generation. The long-term operation of this power cycle depends on the compatibility and chemical stability of the working medium and the material. Results show that a theoretical consensus has been reached on the corrosion characteristics of typical heat-resistant steels and alloys in supercritical CO2. The corrosion resistance of ferritic heat-resistant steels is inferior to that of austenitic heat-resistant steels and superalloys. The diffusion reaction of C in supercritical CO2 forms complex carbides,which reduces the high-temperature strength of heat-resistant steels and alloys to a certain extent. The trace impurity H2O in supercritical CO2 will accelerate the corrosion of heat-resistant steels and alloys. The corrosion resistance of heat-resistant steel and alloy can be improved by surface pre-oxidation, aluminizing, coating and other treatments. The stress mechanism, interaction of creep fatigue, non-destructive carburization testing, quantitative diagnosis and corrosion life prediction will be the key research directions in the future on the corrosion of high-temperature materials in supercritical CO2 power cycle.
    • Boiler Technology
  • Boiler Technology
    Characterization of the Temperature on the Back Side of the Water Wall Based on Slag Layer Growth Model
    YANG Jianguo, ZANG Huimin, DENG Furong, XIE Xiaoqiang, ZHAO Hong
    2021, 41(11): 918-925. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2021.11.003
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Taking a 600 MW supercritical boiler as the research object, the slag layer growth model was proposed, and the slagging water wall physical model was established considering the influence of the weld foot structure on the heat conduction. Fluent was used to simulate the temperature distribution of the slagging water wall under different working conditions. According to the simulation results of 240 sets of working conditions, the relationship between the temperature difference on the back side and the key operating parameters of the boiler was analyzed. Results show that the surface temperature of the slag layer mainly depends on the change of the furnace flue gas temperature, and the temperature difference (the temperature difference between the midpoint of the pipe wall and the midpoint of fins on the back side) is obviously affected by slagging, which could be used as a characteristic parameter for diagnosing slagging thickness.The temperature difference of back side and the furnace flue gas temperature is close to a linear positive correlation, which decreases with the increase of the convective heat transfer coefficient of the working medium in the tube and approaches a constant temperature. Within the normal load range of the boiler, the influence of the convective heat transfer coefficient of the working fluid on the back side temperature difference is smaller than that of the furnace flue gas temperature, but the influence of working fluid temperature on it is basically negligible.
  • Boiler Technology
    Experimental Study on the Effect of Coal Particle Sizes on NOx Emission Characteristics of Lean Coal Under Air-staged Combustion Conditions
    WANG Yongqiang, LU Fang, ZHOU Yuegui
    2021, 41(11): 926-932. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2021.11.004
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    Single and multi air-staged combustion of lean coal with different particle sizes were carried out in one-dimensional self-sustained pulverized coal combustion experimental furnace. The influence of particle sizes on the NOx emission of lean coal under air-staged combustion was detailedly investigated to explore the appropriate particle size and air-staged number to realize lower NOx emission for lean coal combustion. Results show that the particle size affects the pulverized coal combustion process and NOx formation characteristics in the furnace. The combustion rate of pulverized coal with fine particle size is faster to form a reducing atmosphere in the furnace, which can inhibit the NOx formation and promote the homogeneous and heterogeneous reduction reaction of the formed NOx. Under the deep air staged combustion condition, the effect of particle size reduction on NOx emission is more significant. Moreover, multiple air-staged combustion can be used to further reduce NOx emission. The combustion technology scheme combining double air-staged combustion and the fine mean particle size of pulverized coal with 22.78 μm can be adopted in the actual boilers using lean coal, the NOx emission can be reduced by 27.9%.
  • Boiler Technology
    Effect of N2 and CO2 Dilution on Hydrogen-Air Turbulent Diffusion Combustion and NO Formation Characteristics
    HUANG Zhangjun, TANG Zhifeng, TIAN Hong, LI Pengfei, LI Luping, SONG Quanbin
    2021, 41(11): 933-941. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2021.11.005
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    The effects of dilution using N2 and CO2 on hydrogen-air coaxial turbulent diffusion combustion were simulated by using an 18 species 47 steps H2-N2-CO2 reaction mechanism model, realizable k-ε turbulence model and eddy dissipation conceptual (EDC) model. Results show that diluents N2 and CO2 could effectively decrease the peak temperature and mass fraction of NO in the combustion, but CO2 can obtain better effects than N2. NO peak mass fraction increases with the increase of the peak temperature. The effect of the two diluents on the peak temperature and NO mass fraction is nonlinear. With the increase of the dilution rate, the effect of the two diluents on reducing the peak temperature is enhanced obviously, but the effect on inhibiting NO formation is weakened gradually. The hydrogen-air combustion process has lower peak mass fraction of NO with medium peak temperature when the dilution rate of N2 or CO2 is 0.5 or 0.3 respectively, which is beneficial to realize the combustion of hydrogen with high efficiency and low pollution.
    • Steam Turbine and Gas Turbine
  • Steam Turbine and Gas Turbine
    Load Distribution Optimization of Platen Round Pad Iron for the Low Pressure Casing in a 1 000 MW Nuclear Steam Turbine
    MEI Ziyue, JIANG Wei, JI Daohui, XIE Danmei
    2021, 41(11): 942-949. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2021.11.006
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    To solve the problem of uneven load distribution of a steam turbine casing, the low pressure (LP) casing of a 1 000 MW nuclear steam turbine was taken as the research object. The deformation, stiffness, support force and load distribution of the LP casing under cold and load conditions were studied by the finite element analysis method. The changing law of the round pad iron load with the elevation was found out, and the optimization scheme to distribute the round pad iron load evenly was put forward. Results show that the load distribution of the round pad iron is uneven under the same elevation. The load of the round pad iron outside of the platen under cold condition is the largest, accounting for 14.87% of the total load of the casing, which is 6.4 times of the minimum round pad iron load. Under 100% rated load, the ratio of the maximum round pad iron load to the minimum value decreases to 3.7. The load of round pad iron varies linearly with a single elevation if there is no separation between the round pad irons and the platen. When the elevation difference between adjacent round pad irons is less than 0.015 7 mm, the change of the load proportion is less than 1%.
  • Steam Turbine and Gas Turbine
    Experimental Study on the Effects of Streamwise Vortices on the Film Cooling Performance of a Fan-shaped Hole
    CUI Xiaofeng, LIU Pengmin, LIN Chixiang, DAI Ren
    2021, 41(11): 950-958. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2021.11.007
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    A flat-plate film cooling experimental bench was built to study the effects of secondary vortices on the film cooling performance of a fan-shaped hole, an vortex generator (VG) was installed in front of the fan-shaped hole to simulate streamwise vortices in the turbine cascade, and infrared thermography was used to measure the adiabatic cooling efficiency and heat transfer coefficient with the blowing ratios from M=0.5 to M=2.5. Results show that streamwise vortices intensify the mixing of mainstream and coolant jet, the film cooling efficiency and the film coverage area decrease sharply, and the maximum reduction of the area-averaged film cooling efficiency is 63%. At the high blowing ratio M=2.5, streamwise vortices can restrain lift-off tendency of the coolant jet and retard the decrease of lateral-averaged film cooling efficiency. The ratio of lateral heat transfer coefficient between the gas film and the text wall can be increased by 3.5%, the heat flux ratio of the text wall can be significantly increased by 20% under the effects of streamwise vortices, and the gas film almost loses its protective effect on the text wall at the low blowing ratios.
    • Monitoring and Measurement
  • Monitoring and Measurement
    Development of a Synchronous Measurement System of Liquid Film Thickness and Temperature During the Film Falling Process
    WANG Zijie, KONG Shuaishuai, XU Xiaoyan, CHEN Jun, SU Mingxu, YANG Huinan
    2021, 41(11): 959-965. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2021.11.008
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    To obtain the high-precision measurement of key parameters during the falling film processes outside of the metal circular tube, a synchronous measurement system of liquid film thickness and temperature based on diode laser absorption spectroscopy (DLAS) was developed. Liquid film thickness and temperature outside of the vertical and horizontal tubes during the falling film processes under different conditions were measured through the system, whose measurement accuracy was also verified by photogrammetry and thermocouple. Results show that the variation trends of liquid film thickness and temperature fit in well in different measurement methods, and the maximum average errors are 4.3% and 3.8% respectively. The system can provide a high-precision, high sensitivity and interference-free measurement solutions for further research on the formation, flow and evaporation of liquid films.
  • Monitoring and Measurement
    Design of Positioning and Navigation System for UAV in Boiler Enclosed Space
    WANG Yong, HUA Zhigang, CHEN Jianguo, ZHU Jitao, WU Hongliang, FAN Jiaqing, LIN Runda
    2021, 41(11): 966-971. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2021.11.009
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    A universal adaptive UAV positioning and navigation system was designed. On the basis of LOAM algorithm, a multi-sensor fusion algorithm based on 3D lidar, inertial navigation and barometer was proposed, so as to simulate by Gazebo software in ROS environment. Results show that in the boiler furnace, taking the ideal GPS environment as a reference, the position errors of the UAV at x and y directions are both within 0.5 m, indicating that the flight can be accurately controlled.
    • Environmental Protection Technology and Equipment
  • Environmental Protection Technology and Equipment
    Experimental Study on Absorption of As2O3 in Flue Gas by New Spray-and-Bubble Reactor
    SI Tong, GUO Yusheng, ZHANG Yue, WANG Chunbo
    2021, 41(11): 972-978. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2021.11.010
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    Absorption characteristics of gas-phase As2O3 were studied on a spray-and-bubble reactor test-bed, so as to discuss the effects of following factors on arsenic removal efficiency, such as the liquid-gas ratio, immersion depth, CaCO3 mass fraction and inlet SO2 volume fraction, etc. Results show that with the increase of CaCO3 mass fraction, the arsenic removal efficiency first increases and then decreases, while which steadily decreases with the rise of liquid-gas ratio. As the immersion depth increases, the arsenic removal efficiency would be reduced due to the increase of pressure difference between scattering hole and liquid surface and insufficient gas-liquid reaction at the bubbling stage. Arsenic removal efficiency first increases and then decreases with the increase of inlet SO2 volume fraction, which reaches the maximum at the inlet SO2 volume fraction of 15×10-4. CaCO3 mass fraction has the most significant influence on arsenic removal efficiency, followed by liquid-gas ratio, inlet SO2 volume fraction and immersion depth.
  • Environmental Protection Technology and Equipment
    Experimental Study on the Fabrication of TiO2 Phase-junction Nanorods and Deep Removal of Mercury from Flue Gas by Photocatalyst
    ZHAO Yanfeng, REN Siyuan, WU Jiang, JI Zhonghao, MA Qian, YANG Mo
    2021, 41(11): 979-983. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2021.11.011
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    TiO2 phase-junction nanorods with different morphologies and crystal phases were prepared by solvothermal method, so as to study the effects of TiO2 morphology and phase junction on photocatalytic oxidation mercury removal performance at different molar ratios. Results show that when the molar ratio of tetrabutyl titanate (TB), ethanol absolute (ET), acetic acid (HAC) and lithium acetate (LiAc) is 1:20:20:5, the best performance of TiO2 nanorods can be achieved, and the light response range can be extended to visible light. Under the visible light, the photocatalytic mercury removal efficiency is up to 44.7%, and good stability of the photocatalysts can be observed.
    • New Energy
  • New Energy
    Simulation Research on Full Coupling Model of Deep Sea Floating Wind Turbine Based on Lifting Surface Free Wake Method
    GAO Wei, YIN Fanfu, SHEN Xin, HUANG Yazhen
    2021, 41(11): 984-990. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2021.11.012
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    A full coupling model of the floating wind turbine was constructed by aerodynamic prediction method based on lifting surface free wake, motion response of the floating wind turbine system was described by multi-body dynamics. Moreover, mooring load of the mooring system was calculated based on the quasi-static assumption, and the hydrodynamic load was calculated based on the improved Morison formula. Results show that predicted values of the blade tip vortex trajectory calculated by the fully coupled model is in good agreement with experimental results. The predicted trajectory of the floating wind turbine based on the fully coupled model is in good agreement with the FAST calculation results. The phenomenon of aero-hydrodynamic coupling can be observed obviously under the combined action of wind and wave.
  • New Energy
    Large-scale Response Analysis of Floating Wind Farm Under Different Sea Conditions
    LI Shujun, YUE Minnan, WANG Bo, LI Chun, DING Qinwei
    2021, 41(11): 991-1000. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2021.11.013
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    In order to explore the stability of different floating wind farm platforms under three sea conditions, the Barge single platform, 2×2, 3×3, 4×4 and 5×5 order floating wind farms were established.Based on the blade element momentum theory, radiation/diffraction theory combined with the finite element method, the dynamic responses of single platform and wind farm platforms under the action of wind-wave load were studied. Results show that the windward side platform of the floating wind farm has the most violent response, and the farther away from the windward side, the better the stability of the platform; under the three sea conditions, the wind farm platform has smaller dynamic response in surge, heave and pitch degrees of freedom than a single platform, and the stability increases as the order of the wind farm increases; the mooring force on the windward side of the wind farm is the largest, and it increases with the increase of the order of the wind farm.
    • System Engineering
  • System Engineering
    Modeling and Performance Analysis of Coal-based Direct-fired Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle System
    DUAN Yuanqiang, FANG Dongdong, WU Ke, DUAN Lunbo
    2021, 41(11): 1001-1009. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2021.11.014
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Aspen Plus was used to construct the models of coal-gasification and coal direct-fired sCO2 cycle systems, and the subsystems including air separation unit (ASU), thermal power unit and flue gas compression & purification unit were also coupled in the simulation model. The influence of main parameters on the performance of the whole cycle was analyzed. Results show that for the coal-gasification sCO2 cycle, the net efficiency of whole system can reach 40.67% with turbine inlet temperature and pressure of 1 150℃/30 MPa, and at this condition, a nearly 100% carbon capture efficiency can be achieved. Considering the overall energy consumption of whole system, the O2 at outlet of ASU has an optimal purity. When the O2 purity increases from 95% to 99.5%, the net efficiency of system will increase from 40.16% to 40.67%. With the same key cycle parameters, due to the elimination of coal gasifier and syngas compression device, the net efficiency of coal direct-fired sCO2 cycle system is increased by about 7.54% compared with the coal-gasification sCO2 cycle.
  • System Engineering
    4E Research on Solar-Geothermal Poly-generation System Assisted by Absorption Heat Pump
    FU Wenfeng, LU Jiawei, WANG Lanjing, YE Xuemin
    2021, 41(11): 1010-1018. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2021.11.015
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    In order to meet the requirements of users by adjusting the proportion of cooling, heating and power via different operation strategies under the condition of limited geothermal resources, one kind of solar-geothermal poly-generation system of combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) was proposed, in which low-temperature geothermal energy could be utilized with the assistance of hybrid absorption heat pump. The performance of the system was analyzed from four aspects of thermal efficiency, exergy efficiency, exergy economic cost and CO2 emission reduction. Results show that under the condition of limited geothermal supply, users' cooling, heat and power demand can be allocated via the system by adjusting the operation mode of the heat pump group. Thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency of the system are 37.7% and 12.15%, respectively under designed refrigeration condition while they are 53.44% and 40.68%, respectively under designed heating condition. The exergy economic analysis shows that the cost of supplying cooling water is 1.98 yuan/(kW·h) and the cost of supplying hot water is 0.81 yuan/(kW·h). Compared with traditional gas-fired boilers, in terms of environmental friendliness, CO2 emission per ton of geothermal water for the system can be reduced by 7.5 kg/h and 11.6 kg/h, respectively under designed refrigeration and heating conditions.