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  • Review
    Flexible and Intelligent Coal-fired Power Generation Technology and Its Evaluation System
    LIU Jizhen, LI Yunzhi, SONG Ziqiu, FANG Fang, NIU Yuguang, ZENG Deliang
    2022, 42(11): 993-1004. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2022.11.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Flexible and intelligent coal-fired power generation is an important research field to promote carbon peak and carbon neutrality, aiming to build a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system. From the engineering point of view, the theories and key technologies of flexible and intelligent coal-fired power generation were reviewed and prospected, and then the development direction was pointed out. Firstly, the concept of flexible intelligent coal-fired power generation was defined and its main characteristics and technical field were sorted out. After that, the theories and key technologies were explored from three aspects, namely, intelligent modeling method, intelligent multi-dimensional regulation theory, and flexible and intelligent combustion technology. On this basis, the flexible and intelligent coal-fired power generation technology was evaluated from the perspectives of furnace performance, equipment health, low-carbon environmental protection, and sustainable development. Finally, the significance of flexible and intelligent coal-fired power generation to China's power industry was summarized, and pointed out that the future should focus on the transformation of existing units, the research of new ultra-clean and ultra-flexible coal-fired power generation technology, and the collaborative construction of large-scale clean energy bases.
  • Review
    Prospect of the Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler Technology for the Goal of Carbon Neutralization
    Lü Junfu, ZHOU Tuo, ZHANG Yang, WU Yuxin, HUANG Zhong, ZHANG Hai, ZHANG Man, YUE Guangxi
    2022, 42(11): 1005-1012. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2022.11.002
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    Based on the characteristics of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustion technology, the technical direction of CFB boilers for carbon neutralization was prospected and the related progress in Tsinghua University was presented. It is noticed that there is a large amount of high temperature circulating material in the main circulation loop of a CFB boiler, which can realize zero output for hot backup and deep peak shaving. Furthermore, it is suggested that the loading change rate can be improved by the adjustment of solid circulating flow rate, combustion enhancement, and heat storage in the furnace. Because the gas-solid two phase reaction is effected by the particle size, the NOx original emission from furnace can be reduced by controlling the size of the bed material particles, which regulates the combustion reaction processing. Therefore, the ultra-low emissions are more possible for CFB under flexible conditions. The high parameter boiler with smaller capacity is demanded by the new electric power system, and it is necessary to develop small subcritical or even supercritical CFB boilers. The fouling and thereby the corrosion of the high temperature heating surface prevent biomass fired boilers from increasing the steam parameter. This technical bottleneck can be overcomed by bed material ciculation of CFB. The development of the biomass fired boilers with high steam parameters improves the power supply efficiency and economy of biomass power generation projects. Due to the advantage in the fuel flexibility of CFB boiler, the co-combustion of biomass, sludge, industrial combustible waste and other low-carbon fuels in CFB is encouraged with significant benefits. Finally, the new powdered coal CFB(PC-CFB) combustion technology is promising for the better operation flexibility, environmental protection and economy.
  • Review
    Key Technologies and Prospects of Coal Power Transformation Under Carbon Neutrality Background
    SUN Yueqiao, ZHENG Hongfei, KONG Hui
    2022, 42(11): 1013-1023. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2022.11.003
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    In view of high carbon emission of coal power, combined with the transformation ideas of clean, flexible, low-carbon emission and intelligent development of coal power, the typical technologies of coal power transformation were explored from five different dimensions including efficient and flexible transformation etc. The carbon reduction potential from 2030 to 2060 was quantified with six typical low-carbon technologies. The carbon reduction cost, carbon reduction potential, penetration rate, clean contribution, application prospect and maturity were selected as the major criteria to study and judge the development trend of typical technologies, which would provide a certain reference for the research on the transformation path of coal power under the "carbon peak and carbon neutrality" goals. Results show that in the short term, it is suitable to continuously promote the flexible peak load regulation, energy-saving and efficiency-enhancing upgrade, and application of high-efficiency technology; in the medium and long-term period, the major measures are high-efficiency generation technology, and the application of fuel substitution technology is gradually expanding and complementing with carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) to achieve near-zero emissions of the units.
    • Techno-Economic Analysis
  • Techno-Economic Analysis
    Technical Scheme and Feasibility Analysis of the System Engineering of Hydrogen-Water Reverse Transportation
    MA Linwei, HAN Chuyin, LI Zhuoran, LI Zheng, NI Weidou
    2022, 42(11): 1024-1032. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2022.11.004
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    To solve the problem of reverse distribution of energy and water resources in China, a system engineering idea of cross regional hydrogen-water reverse transportation was proposed. In this project, the abundant water resources were transported from the Eastern China to the Westen China, and the abundant renewable power in the Western China was used to produce "green hydrogen" for the Easten China. In order to evaluate the feasibility of the project, the research was carried out according to the methodology of "scheme design and physical modeling → single entity mode economic modeling → multi-entity operation mode analysis". Results show that the energy and material efficiency of the project are 44.25% and 93.563 2% respectively. Under the single entity operation mode, the net present value of the project is -70.135 billion yuan, which requires large capital subsidies. Under the multi-entity operation mode, if the mode of "infrastructure subject and dual regional subjects" is adopted, the government needs to provide financial subsidies or increase the hydrogen price. In the mode of specialized division of labor, the government can adopt "financial allocation and subsidies" or guide the transportation of water to be sold to industries with high water prices. Considering the economic feasibility, it is recommended to implement a specialized division of labor operation mode.
  • Techno-Economic Analysis
    Carbon Economic Analysis of Peak Shaving Operation of Coal-fired Unit
    YUAN Rongsheng, YU Cong, LIU Ming, YAN Junjie
    2022, 42(11): 1033-1041. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2022.11.005
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    In order to evaluate the carbon economy of peaking shaving operation for coal-fired units in the new power system under the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, a carbon economic analysis model for peak shaving of coal-fired units was established, and carbon economy evaluation indexes such as carbon emission rate per unit power generation and carbon emission growth rate per unit accommodation of renewable energy generation were defined. Then, the carbon economy of typical coal-fired units for the accommodation of renewable electricity in the power system was studied. Results show that the total cost for coal combustion and carbon emission per unit power generation increases by about 12% when coal-fired units are operated at the deep peak shaving state with 30% of rated power. However, considering the carbon reduction benefits by renewable power generation, the carbon emission cost per unit power generation of power system is decreased by more than 75%. Under the scenario of increasing the proportion of renewable power in the power system from 0.1 to 0.8, the additional carbon emission cost per unit accommodation of renewable power by large-capacity and high-parameter units is about 30% lower than that of small and medium-capacity units.
  • Techno-Economic Analysis
    Levelized Cost Calculation of Electricity in Ammonia-Coal Co-combustion Unit Using Green Ammonia
    LI Chenpeng, LI Zheng, LIU Pei, ZHAO Guanghui
    2022, 42(11): 1042-1050. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2022.11.006
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    In order to evaluate the techno-ecnomic of the future practical application of ammonia-coal co-combustion power unit composited by green ammonia, a method for calculating green ammonia synthesis cost and a model for levelized cost of electricity(LCOE) were established. Based on the investment cost and energy consumption of each process, the LCOE of green ammonia cost was calculated. Results show that under the background of current renewable power generation cost and technology with relatively high-investment, the cost green ammonia is higher than the synthetic ammonia from coal chemical industry, and the renewable power generation cost is the considerable factor affecting the cost of green ammonia. Considering the carbon tax, In the near future, the green ammonia production cost and carbon emission cost will not change significantly, ammonia-coal co-firing has no economic advantage over traditional coal power, and the price of green ammonia is the main factor affecting LCOE.
  • Techno-Economic Analysis
    Research on the Impact of New Energy Power Generation Industry Agglomeration on Regional Green Economic Efficiency
    PAN Lingying, CHEN Jinqi, CHAI Bohan
    2022, 42(11): 1051-1060. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2022.11.007
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    Based on the panel data of 30 regions in China from 2007 to 2018, the agglomeration level of new energy power generation industry and regional green economic efficiency in each region were measured, and a fixed effect model and a spatial Durbin model were constructed to test the impact of new energy power generation industry agglomeration on regional green economic efficiency. Results show that the agglomeration level of China's new energy power generation industry has an overall upward trend during the investigation period, and it has obvious regional heterogeneity. Considering the spatial effect, the new energy power generation industry agglomeration has a positive impact on the green economy development efficiency of the local and adjacent regions. However, due to the reverse distribution of new energy resources and energy consumption centers, the positive role of new energy power generation industry agglomeration on local green economy development has not been fully played in resource-rich regions.
  • Techno-Economic Analysis
    Economic Scheduling Method of Hydrogen-Power Hybrid Microgrid Based on Parallel ADMM Algorithm
    HUANG Yu, ZHUO Yue, NIE Jinfeng, CAO Yi, LIU Zhiwen
    2022, 42(11): 1061-1067. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2022.11.008
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    Considering that the integration of hydrogen fuel cells into microgrid can improve the consumption rate of renewable energy, an economic dispatching method for microgrid with hydrogen-power combination was proposed. The method considered three types of distributed power sources, namely, renewable distributed power sources, hydrogen fuel cells and energy storage, and the optimal power allocation was carried out for schedulable distributed power sources aimed at the lowest sum of their power generation costs. An improved alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm with fully distributed characteristics was proposed by combining the logarithmic barrier function method and virtual agents, and its application in the microgrid economic dispatch was investigated.Finally, a 30-node microgrid system was used for case analysis. Results show that the proposed algorithm can obtain the same optimization results as the centralized ADMM algorithm in a fully distributed manner.Compared with the centralized ADMM algorithm, the proposed algorithm reduces communication burden and computational complexity.
  • Techno-Economic Analysis
    Scenario Analysis of Low-carbon Transition of China's Civil Aviation Transport Based on Perspective of Airline Fleet
    YUAN Zhiyi, PENG Tianduo, REN Lei, OU Xunmin
    2022, 42(11): 1068-1076. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2022.11.009
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    In order to achieve the goal of near-zero emissions of civil aviation transportation by 2060 , the cost optimal low-carbon transition pathway of civil aviation was simulated and analysed by establishing the China's civil aviation carbon emission analysis model from the perspective of aircraft fleet. Results show that the transition cost of civil aviation is the lowest under the comprehensive application of refurbishment technology, operation management technology, alternative fuel and energy efficiency improvement technology (comprehensive emission reduction scenario), which is 10.9% lower than the scenario of only using biofuel (benchmark scenario). Costs fall a further 7.1% if disruptive technologies are employed. The low-carbon development of civil aviation needs to take advantage of the ready-to-use biofuel in the short term, rely on hydrogen-powered aircraft in the medium and long term synergy cooperation with high-speed rail. In addition, the research and application of innovative and disruptive low-carbon technologies need to be strengthened.
    • Research on Basic Theory and Technology
  • Research on Basic Theory and Technology
    Research on the Characteristics of Combined Cooling, Heating and Power System with Compressed Air Energy Storage Coupled with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle
    RAN Peng, ZHANG Sen, WANG Yase, LI Zheng, ZHAO Guanghui
    2022, 42(11): 1077-1088. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2022.11.010
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    In order to study the characteristics of a combined cooling, heating and power system with compressed air energy storage coupled with a supercritical carbon dioxide cycle, the comprehensive performance and parameters of the proposed system were analyzed by taking the cycle efficiency, exergy efficiency, levelized cost of electricity and index of levelized comprehensive environmental effect as performance criteria. The proposed system was compared with a traditional compressed air energy storage system. Based on non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II), two multi-objective function combinations were constructed to optimize the system. Results show that compared with the traditional compressed air energy storage system , the cycle efficiency and exergy efficiency of the proposed system are increased by 12.89% and 5.37%, and the levelized cost of electricity and index of levelized comprehensive environmental effect are decreased by 0.32 cent/(kW·h) and 2.50. With the increase of the inlet pressure of the low-pressure gas turbine, there are inflection points in the changing trends of the cycle efficiency, exergy efficiency, and levelized cost of electricity. The optimal cycle efficiency, exergy efficiency and levelized cost of electricity corresponding to combination ① are 61.90%, 52.77% and 6.36 cent/(kW·h) respectively. The optimal exergy efficiency, levelized cost of electricity, and index of levelized comprehensive environmental effect corresponding to combination ② are 52.71%, 6.35 cent/(kW·h) and 84.53 respectively.
  • Research on Basic Theory and Technology
    Emergy, Economic and Environmental Optimization Evaluation of Low Carbon Distributed Integrated Energy System
    HAN Juntao, HAN Kai, WANG Yongzhen, YE Zhaonian, LIU Chaofan
    2022, 42(11): 1089-1098. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2022.11.011
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    In order to realize the efficient utilization of medium and low temperature waste heat and the sustainability evaluation of distributed integrated energy system (DIES), the architecture and sustainability evaluation method of a low carbon DIES considering waste heat recovery were proposed based on emergy theory, economy and environment.Based on the mixed integer nonlinear programming method, the economy-environment multi-objective optimization model of low carbon DIES was established, and the capacity configuration and operation optimization of DIES driven by gas turbine (GT) and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) were realized respectively. Results show that under the condition of considering market hydrogen carbon emissions, the total annual cost of the DIES driven by SOFC is increased by 79.8% compared with that driven by GT, but the CO2 emission is reduced by 43.3%. The emergy sustainability index of SOFC driving DIES scheme is 0.43, which is lower than that of GT driving DIES scheme (1.29).
  • Research on Basic Theory and Technology
    Household Energy Security and Management Mode Under Low-carbon Scenarios
    XI Yan'aoming, JIANG Haihao, HUANG Zhaobin, LI Yunze
    2022, 42(11): 1099-1106. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2022.11.012
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    In order to respond to low-carbon and environmentally friendly household energy demand, a new energy security and management mode of low-carbon household with multi-energy and multi-energy co-storage was proposed. On the basis of the traditional air conditioner, a front heat exchanger module connected with the cold and hot storage tanks was added. The system performance was simulated through mathematical modeling. Results show that the method of integrated supply of low-carbon energy can greatly relieve the pressure of power grid operation. Better cooling or heating performance can be achieved by the combination of cooling, heating and electricity co-storage and pre-storage air conditioning under the same supply air temperature.
  • Research on Basic Theory and Technology
    Modeling and Analysis of Electricity-Carbon Coordinated Characteristics in a Carbon Capture Power Plant
    WANG Wei, ZHAO Yiqin, ZENG Deliang
    2022, 42(11): 1107-1113. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2022.11.013
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    In order to obtain the coupled characteristics of generated power and captured carbon in a carbon capture power plant, the static characteristic model of decarburization extraction steam flowrate on unit power output was established based on mechanism modeling method, and their dynamic model was furthermore developed based on data identification approach. The static and dynamic models for decarburization extraction steam flowrate on reboiler duty and carbon capture rate were established. The decarburization extraction steam flowrate responding time scales on both generated power and captured carbon were obtained. The method for determining the coupling characteristics and schedulable interval of the carbon capture power plant was given. Results show that the adjustable range of carbon capture rate is closely related to the unit turbine load on a 300 MW power. The higher the load rate is, the wider the adjustable range is. In order to ensure the carbon capture rate of the unit is not less than 80%, the turbine load rate should not be less than 83.3%.
  • Research on Basic Theory and Technology
    Evaluation and Development of Reaction Mechanisms for Syngas Oxidation and NO Reburning Under Oxy-fuel Combustion
    FAN Cong, LI Pengfei, HU Fan, SHI Guodong, LIU Zhaohui, ZHENG Chuguang
    2022, 42(11): 1114-1122. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2022.11.014
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In order to obtain a simplified mechanism of syngas combustion suitable for oxy-fuel combustion (high CO2 concentration) and flue gas recirculation (NO reburning) conditions, 16 detailed reaction mechanisms of syngas were quantitatively evaluated in terms of ignition delay time, laminar flame speed and component concentration. The study was based on the results of autonomous experiments (558 data points) and extensive literature data (628 data points). The comprehensive optimal mechanism Davis-PG-mod obtained from the evaluation and development was the 146-component and 809-reaction, which was suitable for both oxygen-enriched and air atmospheres. Then the simplified mechanism of 16-component and 12-reaction was obtained by further system simplification. Results show that under air and oxygen-enriched conditions, the error of the simplified mechanism is less than 10%, and the calculation speedup is about 37 times compared with the detailed mechanism.
  • Research on Basic Theory and Technology
    Predictive Control of Carbon Capture System with Solvent Storage for a Coal-fired Power Plant
    QIU Ruohan, XI Han, WU Xiao
    2022, 42(11): 1123-1130. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2022.11.015
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    Combing system characteristics and operation objectives, the design of effective control system for carbon capture system with solvent storage for a coal-fired power plant was the key to realize flexible operating function. Based on the in-depth analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the carbon capture system with solvent storage, two control methods based on independent design of the absorption-desorption process and overall design of the system were proposed. Lean solvent flow rate and rich solvent flow rate were manipulated to regulate the carbon capture level and reboiler temperature, respectively. Considering the influences of flue gas and reboiler steam on the system performance, feedforward effect was introduced in the predictive controllers to timely compensate the effects of disturbances. Results show that the proposed control strategies can achieve rapid regulation of the carbon capture rate and effectively alleviate the impacts of disturbances in flue gas and reboiler steam. The proposed two predictive controllers exhibit better performance than the conventional control methods.
  • Research on Basic Theory and Technology
    Modeling and Optimization of a Low Carbon Heating System with Biomass Boiler Assisted Concentrated Photovoltaic/Thermal Module
    ZHAO Yang, YUE Han, ZHANG Yong, ZHANG Heng, CHEN Haiping, GAO Dan
    2022, 42(11): 1131-1137. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2022.11.016
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    In view of the low-carbon transformation trend of the future heating system under the "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" target, a low carbon heating system coupled with solar concentrating photovoltaic photothermal, biomass boiler and ground source heat pump was designed. The heating system model was constructed using TRNSYS software, and a dormitory in Tianjin was used as the research object. The NSGA-II algorithm was used to optimize the system configuration and operation parameters according to the typical annual meteorological parameters in Tianjin with multiple objectives. Results show that the system operates optimally under the conditions that the volume of heat storage tank is 9.9 m3, the number of buried tube holes is 8, the direct heating temperature of water outlet from heat storage tank is 44.1 ℃, and the water temperature of water outlet from heat storage tank which only relies on biomass boiler for heat supplement is 15.3 ℃. The efficiency of the concentrated photovoltaic/thermal subsystem of the optimized heating system is basically above 70%. In combination with the buried tube, the efficient conversion and effective consumption of solar energy can be realized. The heat pump subsystem has a high coefficient of performance (COP) value and effectively uses the low temperature heat source to achieve efficient heating.
  • Research on Basic Theory and Technology
    Potential Analysis of Frequency Regulation Ability of Wind Power in the View of Energy
    TANG Jian, TANG Qinghong, YAO Yuge, SU Jiantao, LU Xinjiang, XIAO Yixiong, WU Yuxin
    2022, 42(11): 1138-1145. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2022.11.017
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    With the increase of wind power capacity, it is important to develop the potential of wind power for frequency regulation, which can improve the stability of power system and the ability of power system to absorb wind power. From the perspective of short-time energy release, this study analyzed the frequency regulation ability of wind power under the scenario of wind-thermal operation based on the operating data of wind power plant 134 wind turbines. Results show that the thermal power has the disadvantages of insufficient energy supply within 0~30 s, but it has the advantages of continuous energy supply for frequency regulation due to controllable fuel supply. The frequency regulation energy of wind power increases with the increase of output power and the number of operation wind turbines. The wind power can response the frequency variation rapidly within 0~30 s. The 0~30 s energy release potential of wind power covers the adjustment time scale of small amplitude frequency fluctuation and large frequency difference of power system, which can make up for the untimely thermal power energy release within 0~30 s and reduce the decrease of frequency. Under the scene of wind-thermal operation, the frequency regulation energy of wind power increases rapidly with the increase of power supply rate, and the 0~30 s frequency regulation energy is larger than thermal power. The wind-thermal operation can complement each other's advantages and has great potential of frequency regulation.
  • Research on Basic Theory and Technology
    Discussion and Performance Analysis of Fuel Cell Internal Combustion Engine Hybrid Power System with Alternative Fuel
    LI Chengjie, WANG Zixuan, LI Bo, MA Songsong, GUO Fafu, LIU He, QIN Jiang
    2022, 42(11): 1146-1153. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2022.11.018
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    By balancing the advantages and disadvantages of fuel cells and internal combustion engines (ICEs), a hybrid power system composed of fuel cells and internal combustion engines based on alternative fuels (hydrogen, natural gas, methanol and liquid ammonia) was constructed, the power generation performance of different systems was analyzed, and the technical implementation difficulty was evaluated. Results show that in the hybrid power system of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and internal combustion engine, when the fuel flow rate of proton exchange membrane fuel cell and internal combustion engine is the same, the power generation efficiency of the system can reach more than 40% under this working condition. The power generation efficiency of the solid oxide fuel cell and internal combustion engine hybrid power system using methane as fuel is the highest, reaching 62.24%. The fuel consumption rate of the solid oxide fuel cell using liquid ammonia as fuel is the lowest, which is 313.04 g/(kW·h).
  • Research on Basic Theory and Technology
    Study on Porous Medium Model of Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger for Natural Gas
    CHEN Wangnan, XU Zirui, MA Wenhe, LIN Jun, DENG Quanwen, WANG Xuechao, MA Ting
    2022, 42(11): 1154-1160. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2022.11.019
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    In order to investigate the flow nonuniformity of printed circuit heat exchanger for natural gas, a porous medium model of printed circuit heat exchanger was established, and the feasibility of using this model to predict the flow characteristics of natural gas was evaluated. Firstly, the parameters of the porous model were obtained from the the flow characteristics of the single channel, and then the flow field characteristics of large-scale printed circuit heat exchangers were calculated by using this model. Results show that the porous medium model could well predict the pressure field and flow nonuniformity of the actual model in the laminar flow range (Re≤1 200), and the deviation is basically within 5%. Increasing the channel length is beneficial to improving the accuracy of the porous medium model when Re=10 000 and the number of channels is 8.
  • Research on Basic Theory and Technology
    Key Technology for Reducing Heat Rate of Large Capacity Coal-fired Power Generation Steam Turbines in Peak- shaving Operation Under Wide and Low Loads
    HUANG Qinghua, YAN Weichun, YANG Hong, PENG Zeying
    2022, 42(11): 1161-1166. https://doi.org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2022.11.020
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    Aim at high heat rate under wide- and low-load peak-shaving conditions of large capacity steam turbine whose designed point was rated operating conditions, three technologies were proposed to reduce heat rate based on operating characteristics: reducing the design margin of the flow capacity of the steam turbine, optimizing the steam distribution mode for wide and low load operation, and adopting the variable back pressure control mode of the cold end condenser. Results show that for an ultra-supercritical steam turbine, the heat rate gains can reach 5.28%-8.16% under 30%-50% wide and low load conditions after using three technologies. It is recommended to establish and adopt a wide- and low-load peak-shaving operation performance evaluation specification to improve the economic operation capacity of peak shaving coal-fired units.