Abstract: Collaborate on climate change mitigation has become a widely-accepted consensus for the international community. As an important participant and active player of the global response to climate change, China has put ‘carbon-peak and carbon-neutrality’ into the overall layout of ecological conservation. The initiative of ‘carbon-peak and carbon neutrality’ is an extensive and profound reform for the entire economy and society, in which the low-carbon oriented transition of energy will be the key to achieve the target. Under the current level of economic and social development, the overall development plan of ‘two-step acceleration’ should be adopted. In the near term, non-fossil energy should be accelerated to achieve the carbon-peak target by 2030. 2℃ temperature-rise target and 1.5℃ temperature-rise target should be implemented in the medium and long term to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. In order to ensure the realization of the ‘carbon-peak and carbon-neutrality’ target, it is necessary to strengthen the research on key technologies or planning issues, including the power system with deep renewables penetration, low-carbon transition pathway of coal-fired power, and CCUS, etc.