Abstract: To achieve the rapid coupling analysis of the vibration characteristics of the rotating and stationary components of turbine, taking the mechanical impedance including the direct stiffness and crosstalk stiffness of the turbine casing and support structure as calculation boundary conditions, researches were carried out on modal analysis and unbalanced response analysis for of heavy-duty gas turbine test component by the developed transfer matrix method, while comparisons were conducted on above method results, finite element method results, and experimental data. Results show that, compared with experimental data, the deviations of critical speeds of the rotor obtained by the developed transfer matrix method and finite element method are within -3.38%-2.31% and -6.08%-7.05%, respectively. The critical speed obtained by the transfer matrix method is closer to the experimental value, while the maximum response peak obtained by finite element method is closer to the experimental value. Meanwhile, calculated vibration response curves are basically consistent with experimental results. The developed transfer matrix method incorporating mechanical impedance can quickly and accurately obtain the critical speed of turbine rotor and the vibration response characteristics of entire unit.