Abstract: With the continuous demand upgrading of energy transition, the source-grid-load-storage integrated system is a key carrier for accommodating high-penetration of renewable energy, and its multi-link collaborative optimization mechanism has become a research hotspot. Existing studies show that while breaking through the isolated operation mode of traditional energy systems, the system still faces challenges such as the strong volatility of new energy, insufficient economics of energy storage, and the lack of a multi-agent coordination mechanism. This paper systematically analyzed the structure and multi-link coupling mechanism of the source-grid-load-storage integrated system, sorted out the research framework and core technologies of scheduling optimization, and explored the potential of schedulable resources from multiple perspectives. In view of technical bottlenecks, future directions including hybrid artificial intelligence (AI) models, market mechanism innovation and long-duration energy storage breakthroughs were proposed, providing theoretical support and practical references for the construction of a highly resilient, low-carbon new-type power system.