Abstract: Experimental study and numerical calculation were conducted on the sediment abrasion over turbine guide vanes in a high head hydropower station to find the wear law of S135 and ZG06Cr13Ni5Mo materials commonly used for moving guide vanes, and 1Cr18N9Ti and Q345 for fixed guide vanes of hydraulic turbines, after which, the calculation formula of sediment wear rate was fitted. Results show that the influence of sediment velocity is higher than that of sediment concentration by two orders of magnitude. The wear on suction surface of guide vanes is more serious than on pressure surface, and obvious lines, spots and gaps could be observed in the head and tail of guide vanes. Both the S135 for moving guide vane and the 1Cr18Ni9Ti for fixed guide vane have high resistance to sediment erosion.