叶顶开槽-小翼结构对轴流风机性能和噪声影响的数值研究
Numerical Study on the Influence of Blade Tip Slot and Winglet on the Performance and Noise of Axial Fans
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摘要: 以某两级动叶可调轴流风机为对象,提出了在叶顶加装吸力面小翼并开设斜槽的新型叶顶结构,采用Fluent模拟了改型前后风机的气动性能,并引入大涡模拟得到了风机噪声和涡结构的变化,进而分析了不同叶顶结构对风机性能、内流特征、噪声及叶顶涡结构的影响。结果表明:在吸力面加装小翼后风机全压和效率均有提升,在小翼上开设顺流向斜槽后性能更优;泄漏涡和叶顶间隙为主要噪声源,吸力面小翼可有效降低风机噪声,在小翼开槽后总声压级增大;综合考虑风机性能和噪声变化,方案2为最佳改型方案,该方案下叶顶泄漏涡涡量减小,风机噪声较低,涡结构分布较为离散,大尺度涡发生破碎,涡核位置远离主流道,因此叶顶损失较小。Abstract: For a two-stage variable-pitch axial fan, a new type of blade tip structure with suction surface winglets and carve slots was proposed. The aerodynamic performance of the fan before and after modification was simulated by Fluent software, and the noise and vortex changes were obtained by large eddy simulation. The influence of blade tip structure on the performance, internal flow, noise and vortex structure at the blade tip was analyzed. Results show that the total pressure and efficiency of the fan are improved after the installation of the winglet on the suction surface, the best performance is achieved after setting a downstream-slot on the winglet. The leakage vortex and blade tip clearance are the main noise source, and the winglet on the suction surface can effectively reduce the acoustic noise, while the slotted winglet results in the increase of total sound pressure level. Considering both the performance and noise changes, the scheme 2 is the best modification scheme. Under this scheme, the reduced leakage vorticity at the blade tip, the low fan noise and the scattered distribution of vortex structure are observed. The large-scale vortex breaks into small pieces, and the vortex core is far away from the main channel, resulting in smaller blade tip losses.
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